The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place, and he made it known by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who testified to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw (Rev. 1:1).
There are two ‘genitives’ (‘of Jesus Christ’) one is termed an objective genitive and the other an subjective genitive. In many cases which one is being used is hard to discern. The objective genitive would mean that Jesus is revealed and the subjective genitive is that the revelation is what Jesus reveals. And of course the ambiguity might mean that the genitive is actually both.
I certainly think it is mainly the latter (Jesus does the revealing) as we have a progression in this verse:
God gave him (Jesus) by sending his angel to John.
God –> Jesus –> angel –> John.
This is the movement, the revelation moves from God to Jesus to an angel and finally to John. We can follow the movement in the text:
Then I saw in the right hand of the one seated on the throne [God] a scroll written on the inside and on the back, sealed with seven seals (Rev. 5:1).
The scroll is with God. Then we read:
He [Lamb slain] went and took the scroll from the right hand of the one who was seated on the throne (Rev. 5:7).
The [sealed] scroll is now with Jesus. Then we read of the seals being broken open so the scroll is finally unsealed. This takes us to:
He [a mighty angel] held a little scroll open [unsealed] in his hand. Setting his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land (Rev. 10:2).
And finally:
Then the voice that I had heard from heaven spoke to me again, saying, “Go, take the scroll that is open in the hand of the angel who is standing on the sea and on the land.” So I [John] went to the angel and told him to give me the little scroll, and he said to me, “Take it and eat; it will be bitter to your stomach but sweet as honey in your mouth.” So I took the little scroll from the hand of the angel and ate it; it was sweet as honey in my mouth, but when I had eaten it my stomach was made bitter (Rev. 10:8-10).
So the movement is from God–>Jesus–>angel–>John, and once he eats the scroll he is told to:
[P]rophesy again about many peoples and nations and languages and kings.
The revelation is now in the open to be spoken / prophesied. Destiny, freedom and judgement against all that oppresses and opposes the coming of the kingdom of heaven.
This corresponds to the three ‘genres’. Early part is the writing to the saints (7 specific churches in 7 cities, but representative of all geographies and people in all ages). Maybe the hope is that the ἐκκλησίαι (a governmental term; the locally appointed ἐκκλησία by Rome was commissioned to bring the area into alignment with Rome) can bring things to the ‘end’. But the end does not come and there is the necessity of a heavenly encounter and sight. Then from ch 4 – 11 we have a whole section that is apocalyptic and centred on heaven. This is important for true sight – if the focus is on earth alone then what hope is there? Yet the end in this section does not come. And so we then we switch to the final part from 12-20 with myth and apocalyptic language. And finally the end comes in fullness (‘I saw a new heaven and a new earth’… and God said ‘I make all things new’).
We can represent it like this:
Patmos (and a theophany) –> Heaven (and a throne)–> Earth (and warfare).
Jesus who is both the revealer and the one revealed is the true human who is alive (first part with the letters) and then revealed as the Lamb slain who is worthy to open the scroll (second part) and as the one who will bring all things to a conclusion (third part). It is important to see that Jesus throughout is the slain Lamb, coming with his robe dipped in his own blood. The Lion disappears from sight, the Lamb remains.
